(a) and (b) identification and dividion of work  .  The first step in the process of organising involves identifying and dividing the work that has to be done in accordance with previously determined plans.

(d) departmentalisation.: Once work has been divided into small and manageable activities then those activities which are similar in nature are grouped together. Such sets facilitate specialisation.

(c) assignment of duties .: It is necessary to define the work of different job positions and accordingly allocate work to various employees. Once departments have been formed, each of them is placed under the charge of an individual

(e) establishing reporting relationship  Merely allocating work is not enough. Each individual should also know who he has to take orders from and to whom he is accountable.