1. Coordination

The concept that is considered as the common thread running through all activities such as purchase, production, sales, and finance to ensure continuity in the working of the organization is "Coordination."

Coordination involves the synchronization and integration of various activities and efforts within an organization to ensure that different departments and individuals work together harmoniously towards the achievement of common goals and objectives.

Directing involves leading, influencing and motivating employees to perform the tasks assigned to them. This requires establishing an atmosphere that encourages employees to do their best. Motivation and leadership are two key components of direction. Directing also involves communicating effectively as well as supervising employees at work

Controlling is the management function of monitoring organisational performance towards the attainment of organisational goals.