Here's the chronological arrangement of the foreign travelers and the reason for their order:

Al-Biruni (D): Al-Biruni, an Islamic scholar and polymath, visited India in the 11th century. He is known for his significant contributions to Indian mathematics, astronomy, and culture. His visit predates all the other travelers on the list.

Marco Polo (B): Marco Polo, the Venetian explorer, visited India during the late 13th century. His travels are well-documented, and he is known for his extensive writings about his journey to various parts of the world, including India.

Duarte Barbosa (C): Duarte Barbosa, a Portuguese writer and explorer, visited India in the early 16th century. He is known for his writings on the Indian Ocean and its trade routes. His visit occurred after those of Al-Biruni and Marco Polo.

Abd Al-Razzaq (A): Abd Al-Razzaq, a Persian envoy and traveler, visited India during the 15th century. His travel accounts provide insights into the political and cultural conditions of the time, and his visit occurred later than those of Al-Biruni and Marco Polo.

Peter Mundy (E): Peter Mundy, an English traveler and merchant, visited India in the 17th century. His travel accounts provide valuable information about the trade and commerce of the Mughal Empire. His visit occurred after those of Al-Biruni, Marco Polo, Duarte Barbosa, and Abd Al-Razzaq.

So, the correct option is [2].