The technique of "To reduce a given line or product to fixed types, sizes, and characteristics" is associated with "Standardization and Simplification." This technique aims to standardize product types, sizes, and characteristics to increase efficiency and reduce complexity in processes.

Method Study: Method study is a technique used to analyze and improve work processes and methods to make them more efficient. It focuses on studying how work is done and finding better ways to perform tasks. It is not specifically about standardizing product types, sizes, and characteristics.

Motion Study: Motion study is a technique that focuses on studying and optimizing the movements and motions of workers to reduce unnecessary motions and improve efficiency. While it is related to improving work processes, it is not primarily concerned with standardizing product types, sizes, and characteristics.

Time Study: Time study is a technique used to measure the time taken by workers to perform a specific task. It is aimed at determining standard times for tasks, but it is not primarily concerned with standardizing product types, sizes, and characteristics.

So, the correct answer is (4) Standardization and Simplification.