The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index that measures the average achievements in a country in three basic dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It is affected by various factors, but in the context of the states of Bihar, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha, the most important reason for their relatively low HDI could be: Low level of literacy and lack of health and medical facilities

A low level of literacy and inadequate access to quality education, along with insufficient health infrastructure and medical facilities, can significantly impact human development indicators and contribute to a lower Human Development Index. These factors affect the overall well-being, education, and life expectancy of the population, leading to a lower HDI in the respective states.