The ratios that are specifically calculated to measure the short-term solvency or the ability of a business to meet its short-term obligations are known as liquidity ratios. These ratios provide insight into the company's ability to pay off its short-term liabilities as they come due. Therefore, the correct option is:

(4) Liquidity ratios

Solvency ratios generally measure a company's ability to meet its long-term obligations, while activity ratios measure how efficiently a company manages its assets. Profitability ratios, on the other hand, assess a company's ability to generate profits relative to its expenses and other costs.