The correct sequence is:

A, E, D, C, B

British introduced railways in India (A)

 First census conducted by British India (E)

Year of "Great Divide"(D)

Population explosion according to 2nd stage of demographic transition theory (C)

 Latest population Census (B)

So, the correct answer is option 4.

A. British introduced railways in India: This refers to the introduction of the railway system in India by the British during the colonial period in 1850. The first passenger train in India ran between Bombay (Mumbai) and Thane in 1853. The introduction of railways had a significant impact on the country's transportation and communication infrastructure.

E. First census conducted by British India: The first population census in India conducted by the British took place in 1872. This marked the beginning of systematic demographic data collection in the country, providing valuable information about the population's size, composition, and other demographic characteristics.

D. Year of "Great Divide": The "Great Divide" is a term often used to describe the historical transition in India's population growth rate. It typically refers to the period around the 1921 census. Before this period, India experienced high birth rates and high death rates, resulting in slow population growth. After 1921, there was a significant decline in death rates due to advancements in healthcare and public health, while birth rates remained high. This led to rapid population growth, hence the term "Great Divide."

C. Population explosion according to the 2nd stage of demographic transition theory: The second stage of the demographic transition theory is characterised by a decline in death rates while birth rates remain high. This results in a rapid increase in population, known as the "population explosion." In India, this stage began around the 1921 census (the "Great Divide") and continued for several decades, leading to significant population growth.

B. Latest population census: The latest population census refers to the most recent population count and demographic data collection conducted in India. The specific year for the latest population census may vary depending on when the question is being asked. As of my last knowledge update in September 2021, the most recent Indian census was conducted in 2011, and the next one was scheduled for 2021, but the release date of that data could have been later.