James Fergusson was a prominent Scottish architectural historian, mainly focusing on architecture and art of India and the Indian subcontinent. He conducted extensive studies and research on various Indian architectural sites, including Sanchi. However, due to his limited familiarity with Buddhist literature and teachings, Fergusson initially misinterpreted the significance of the structures at Sanchi. He mistakenly believed that Sanchi was associated with tree and serpent worship, a common practice in pre-Buddhist India. This misinterpretation was later rectified as more research and understanding of the Buddhist context and history of the region unfolded. Fergusson's early misinterpretation is well-documented in the history of art and architectural studies in India.

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