During the British rule in India, the stagnation in the agriculture sector was attributed to various factors, including:

1. Various systems of land settlement:The land revenue policies imposed by the British colonial administration, such as the Zamindari system, Ryotwari system, and Mahalwari system, led to the exploitation and oppression of farmers. These systems imposed high land taxes, resulting in farmers being unable to invest in improving agricultural practices and infrastructure.

2. Commercialization of agriculture:The British colonial policies prioritized the cultivation of cash crops like indigo, cotton, and jute for exports to Britain, leading to the neglect of food crops and the decline of food security in India. This emphasis on cash crops also resulted in the loss of fertile land for food crops, impacting the overall agricultural productivity.

3. Lack of capital goods industries: The British policies neglected the development of capital goods industries in India, which could have facilitated modernization and mechanization in agriculture, leading to improved productivity.

4. De-industrialization:The British colonial policies led to the destruction of traditional Indian industries, which were interconnected with the agricultural sector. This disruption in the traditional industrial base affected the overall economy, including the agriculture sector.

Among these reasons, the various systems of land settlement stand out as a primary cause of the stagnation in the agriculture sector during the British rule in India.