The correct ascending order of the early kingdoms and events before the invasions of Arabs into India is as follows:

(3) (D), (E), (C), (B), (A)

Rulers of Magadha consolidate their power: After the Kushanas, the Magadha region saw various dynasties consolidating power.

Accession of Chandragupta Maurya: Chandragupta Maurya's reign marked the rise of the Mauryan Empire, which succeeded the decline of the Harappan culture.

Rule of the Shakas: The Shakas ruled in parts of India, including the western regions, but their rule typically occurred later in the chronological order.

Kushanas rose to power: The Kushan Empire emerged as a significant power after the Mauryan Empire.

Beginning of Gupta rule: The Gupta Empire began after these events.

So, the correct answer is option[2]